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Scientific Resource Library

This list of scientific resources and publications, curated by experts, highlights the growing body of evidence linking aldosterone with hypertension and cardiovascular and
kidney risk.

Scientific Resources

Explore our library of educational resources to dive deeper into the role of aldosterone in uncontrolled hypertension and its effects on end-organ damage.

Recommended Reading

Explore selected publications that bring the emerging science of aldosterone’s role in hypertension and end-organ damage to the forefront

Scientific Resources

  1. Infographic
  2. Slide Deck
  3. Video
 Thumbnail exploring expert perspectives on identifying and overcoming clinical inertia in hypertension across multiple stages of the patient journey.  Thumbnail exploring expert perspectives on identifying and overcoming clinical inertia in hypertension across multiple stages of the patient journey.

Overcoming Barriers in Hypertension Management

Explore expert perspectives on identifying and overcoming clinical inertia in hypertension across multiple points in the patient journey.
Developed in collaboration with Professor Luiz Bortolotto, Professor Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Professor Alta Schutte and Professor Jiguang Wang

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Expert perspectives section exploring views on aldosterone in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney diseaseExpert perspectives section exploring views on aldosterone in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney disease

Why Think Aldosterone in Hypertension Management?

Explore what our experts think about aldosterone when treating patients with hypertension or cardiovascular and kidney disease.

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Downloadable educational content exploring the core biological principles of aldosterone, including how aldosterone acts within the body and where current therapies may be insufficientDownloadable educational content exploring the core biological principles of aldosterone, including how aldosterone acts within the body and where current therapies may be insufficient

Mechanism of Disease of Aldosterone

Dive deeper into the core biological principles of aldosterone, highlighting aldosterone’s action within the body and where current therapies fall short.

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Global health infographic with a globe graphic, statistics about the worldwide burden of hypertensionGlobal health infographic with a globe graphic, statistics about the worldwide burden of hypertension

What is Driving Difficult-to-Control Hypertension?

Download summary slides for Module 1: What is Driving Difficult-to-Control Hypertension?
Developed in collaboration with Professor Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Professor Alta Schutte, Dr Anand Vaidya and Professor Jiguang Wang

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Thumbnail for Module 2, “Aldosterone Pathophysiology: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences.Thumbnail for Module 2, “Aldosterone Pathophysiology: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences.

Aldosterone Pathophysiology: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences

Download summary slides for Module 2: Aldosterone Pathophysiology: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences.
Developed in collaboration with Professor Luiz Bortolotto, Professor Erika Jones, Professor Rhian Touyz and Professor Hirotaka Shibata

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Thumbnail for Module 3, A Deep Dive into Aldosterone Dysregulation and Its Impact.Thumbnail for Module 3, A Deep Dive into Aldosterone Dysregulation and Its Impact.

A Deep Dive into Aldosterone Dysregulation and its Impact

Download summary slides for Module 3: A Deep Dive into Aldosterone Dysregulation and its Impact.
Developed in collaboration with Professor Hirotaka Shibata, Dr Raymond Townsend, Dr Anand Vaidya and Professor Bryan Williams

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Downloadable educational content featuring a short presentation on the role of aldosterone within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenariosDownloadable educational content featuring a short presentation on the role of aldosterone within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenarios

Putting the 'A' Back in RAAS

Watch Professor Konstantinos Tsioufis deliver a short presentation highlighting the role of aldosterone within renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenarios and download the accompanying slides for your own use.

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Discussion on aldosterone’s evolutionary role in fluid and electrolyte balance and its maladaptive effectsDiscussion on aldosterone’s evolutionary role in fluid and electrolyte balance and its maladaptive effects

Why Can Aldosterone’s Role Be Pathological in Modern-Day Humans?

Join Dr Anand Vaidya as he discusses how aldosterone’s evolutionary role in fluid and electrolyte balance becomes maladaptive in today’s high-salt environment, where even mild excess can be inappropriate and increase cardiovascular and kidney risk.

Watch video
Professor Alta Schutte’s work in the National Taskforce of Australia is supporting best practice in hypertensionProfessor Alta Schutte’s work in the National Taskforce of Australia is supporting best practice in hypertension

Optimising Hypertension Management: Best Practice in Australia

Find out how Professor Alta Schutte’s work in the National Taskforce of Australia is supporting best practice in hypertension.

Watch video
Hear Professor Krzysztof Narkiewicz share best practice approaches to hypertension care in Poland.Hear Professor Krzysztof Narkiewicz share best practice approaches to hypertension care in Poland.

Optimising Hypertension Management: Best Practice in Poland

Hear Professor Krzysztof Narkiewicz share best practice approaches to hypertension care in Poland.

Watch video
Video thumbnail illustrating aldosterone regulation within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)Video thumbnail illustrating aldosterone regulation within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)

How is Aldosterone Regulated as Part of the RAAS, and What Are its Key Actions in the Kidney?

Explore how aldosterone regulated as part of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and what the key actions are within the kidney.
Developed in collaboration with Professor David Wheeler

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Video thumbnail explaining how aldosterone exerts effects through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and non‑MR pathwaysVideo thumbnail explaining how aldosterone exerts effects through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and non‑MR pathways

How Does Aldosterone Exhibit its Effect on the MR and Non-MR Pathway, and What Are the Downstream Signalling Effects?

Discover how aldosterone exhibits its effect on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and non-MR pathway, and what the downstream signalling effects are.
Developed in collaboration with Professor Michael Böhm

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Video thumbnail featuring an educational presentation on aldosterone signalling pathways and the relationship between aldosterone activity and cardiovascular and kidney riskVideo thumbnail featuring an educational presentation on aldosterone signalling pathways and the relationship between aldosterone activity and cardiovascular and kidney risk

Understanding the Pathological Role of Aldosterone

Join Professor Rhian Touyz as she unpacks the complex signalling pathways of aldosterone and explores the link between aldosterone activity and cardiovascular and kidney risk.

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Video thumbnail featuring an educational presentation on the continuum of aldosterone dysregulation and its contribution to hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney harmVideo thumbnail featuring an educational presentation on the continuum of aldosterone dysregulation and its contribution to hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney harm

Exploring the Evidence for Aldosterone‑Mediated Mechanisms of Disease

Listen to Professor Bryan Williams dive into the continuum of aldosterone dysregulation and how this contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney harm.

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Video thumbnail exploring the history of aldosterone and the evolution of its clinical significanceVideo thumbnail exploring the history of aldosterone and the evolution of its clinical significance

A Historical Overview of the Clinical Evolution of Aldosterone

Join Dr Raymond Townsend as he explores the history of aldosterone and the evolution of its clinical significance.

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Video thumbnail featuring a short presentation on the role of aldosterone within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenariosVideo thumbnail featuring a short presentation on the role of aldosterone within the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenarios

Putting the 'A' Back in RAAS

Watch Professor Konstantinos Tsioufis deliver a short presentation highlighting the role of aldosterone within renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in normal and pathological scenarios and download the accompanying slides for your own use.

Watch video
Blureffect

Recommended Reading

Global Report on Hypertension 2025: High Stakes: Turning Evidence into Action

Agboyibor K, et al. World Health Organization 2025 [Available online at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240115569] (Accessed April 2026)

View Publication

Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Adler GK, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025;110:2453–2495

View Publication

Hypertension in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019

Ku E, et al. Am J Kidney Dis 2019;74:120–131

View Publication

Primary Aldosteronism: State-of-the-Art Review

Vaidya A, et al. Am J Hypertens 2022;35:967–988

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Relationship Between Renin, Aldosterone, Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio and Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Young Adults

Ananda RA, et al. Circulation AHA 2024;150:2019–2030

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Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease Following Aldosterone Dysregulation

Townsend R, et al. Am J Hypertens 2026;39:161–170

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Obesity, Aldosterone Excess, and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation: Parallel or Intersected Circumstances?

Puzantian H, et al. J Clin Hypertens 2024;26:1384–1390

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Salt and Aldosterone – Reciprocal and Combined Effects in Preclinical Models and Humans

Chen L, et al. Horm Metab Res 2024;56:99–106

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Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Diseases

Parksook WW, Williams GH. Cardiovasc Res 2023;119:28–44

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Aldosterone in Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Outcomes

Verma A, et al. Eur Heart J 2022;43:3781–3791

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Endocrine and Haemodynamic Changes in Resistant Hypertension, and Blood Pressure Responses to Spironolactone or Amiloride: The PATHWAY-2 Mechanisms Substudies

Williams B, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018;6:464–475

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Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort Study

Goupil R, et al. Circulation 2025;152:913–923

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Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Risk Across the Lifespan

Ananda R, et al. Metabolites 2025;15:533

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Characterizing the Origins of Primary Aldosterone

Brown JM, et al. Hypertension 2025;82:306–318

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Renin-Aldosterone Profiles and Cardiorenal Outcomes in Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Ljundberg C, et al. JACC 2026;Mar 25:S0735-1097(26)00235

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Unmasking Hormonal Mechanisms of Hypertension in Obesity

Parisien-La Salle S, et al. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2026;11;101526

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The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism: A Cross-sectional Study

Brown JM, et al. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:10–20

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Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Cardiovascular Health: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Hundemer GL, et al. Circulation 2024;149:124–134

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The Spectrum of Dysregulated Aldosterone Production: An International Human Physiology Study

Parksook WW, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024;109:2220–2232

View Publication
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Think Aldo logo image

Welcome to Think Aldo

Welcome to Think Aldo, an expert-led initiative advancing knowledge and science around an often overlooked driver of hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney disease: aldosterone.1,2

This website provides the latest scientific insights and educational resources, curated by a network of experts, and is intended for healthcare professionals.

Are you a healthcare professional?

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This non-promotional medical education website has been developed by AstraZeneca and is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the US.

 

References
1 Papadopoulou-Marketou N, et al. Hyperaldosteronism. In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. 2000
2 Vaidya A, et al. Am J Hypertens 2022;35:967–988
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©2026 AstraZeneca. All rights reserved. Z4-80196 Last Updated May 2026